まとめと対策
携帯電話による健康への影響を示した研究は数多く、普及度から考えて現在の人々の健康に及ぼしている影響は非常に大きいものと考えられます。
そして若い人ほど電磁波に脆弱であるため、妊娠中の女性や未成年者、妊活中やその予定の有る方は、携帯電話の利用は控えるべきといえます。
電磁波による健康への影響は主として活性酸素の増加に起因しているため、抗酸化作用のある食品の摂取に努めることで、ある程度の軽減は可能であると考えられます。
目次All_Pages
若い人ほど電磁波に脆弱
今回紹介した研究でのポイントは、胎児や乳幼児や子ども、青年など、若い人ほど電磁波に脆弱ということです。
若い人ほど電磁波に脆弱な証拠
未成年はより脆弱
スウェーデン全土の18歳以上の膠芽腫患者の方について、発症までの携帯電話の利用年数が長くなるほど、生存率が低下しました。(Carlberg and Hardell 2014)
この研究では、大人になってからの携帯・コードレス電話の初使用より、未成年からの初使用の方が、生存率がより低下しました。(Carlberg and Hardell 2014)
乳幼児はより脆弱
旧西ドイツ全土の15歳以下の子どもについて、夜間の寝室の低周波電磁波が強くなるほど、急性白血病が増加しました。 (Schüz et al. 2001)
この研究では、15歳以下の子どもより、4歳以下の乳幼児の方が、白血病の増加度 (オッズ比) がより大きくなりました。(Schüz et al. 2001)
胎児はより脆弱
デンマーク全土から募った妊娠中の研究参加者について、出産前後に携帯電話を利用していると、生まれた子どもが7歳の時に問題行動が増加しました。(Divan et al. 2008)
この研究では、出産後より、出産前の電磁波被曝の方が、問題行動の増加度 (オッズ比) がより大きくなりました。(Divan et al. 2008)
胚はより脆弱
スウェーデン全土の妊娠中の従業員について、ビデオ表示端末 (VDT)を仕事で利用していると、赤ちゃんの先天異常が増加しました。(Ericson and Källén 1986)
この研究では、利用期間が妊娠初期の頃を含む場合、先天異常の増加度 (オッズ比) がより大きくなりました。(Ericson and Källén 1986)
若い人ほど電磁波に脆弱な理由
仕組みの面からいってもこれは裏付けられます。
電磁波は活性酸素を増加させてDNAなどを損傷するということが示されていますが、これは特に増殖中の細胞にとって有害です。
なぜならDNAが損傷したままDNAが複製されると、突然変異や細胞死が発生するためです。
したがって細胞増殖が活発に行われている若い人ほど電磁波に脆弱であるということになり、これは上述の研究の観察結果と一致します。
電磁波がどのように細胞を損傷するのか、以下の記事で解説していますので、よろしければご覧ください。
前回の記事では、電磁波が健康に悪影響を及ぼすことを示した多数の研究を紹介しました。 この記事では続いて、その仕組みについて説明します。 電磁波は主として活性酸素を増加させることで、健康に悪影響を与える… 記事全文を読む
携帯電話の電磁波は危険
携帯電話の使用により、不妊 (精子減少)、流産、低出生体重児、問題行動、ADHD、多発性硬化症、不眠症、うつ病、電磁波過敏症、体内時計の乱れ (概日ホルモンの乱れ)、自律神経の乱れ、脳腫瘍、乳がん、精巣がんなどが増加しました。
これは、使用中の携帯電話の電磁波は強力で、使用時に近接する脳だけでなく、ある程度の距離にある胸や胎児、精巣にまでその悪影響を及ぼしていることを意味します。
また、携帯電話の体近くの携帯によって不妊 (精子減少)、流産、乳がん、精巣がんなどが増加しました。
これは、待機中の携帯電話の電磁波は微弱ではあるものの、身体近くの所持により、胸や胎児、精巣での電磁波の被曝期間が長期化し、悪影響につながっていることを意味します。
また動物実験でも、飼育ケージの上や床に携帯電話を設置すると、不妊 (精子減少、卵胞減少)、精巣損傷、卵巣損傷、奇形、出生数減少、血球数異常、脳損傷、脳細胞減少、記憶力低下、多動性増加、神経伝達障害、膵臓損傷、血糖値増加、インスリン抵抗性、自律神経の乱れ、肝機能低下、腎機能低下、肝臓損傷、腎臓損傷などが増加しました。
こちらも使用時の携帯電話の電磁波は強力で、ある程度離れた距離にいるマウスの脳や精巣や卵巣などに損傷を与えていることを意味します。
以上のように携帯電話の電磁波は強力で、生体に様々な影響をもたらします。
普及度から考えても、携帯電話が現在の人々の健康に及ぼしている影響は、非常に大きいものと考えられます。
妊娠中、未成年者、妊活中の携帯電話の利用は控える
先述の通り、若い人ほど電磁波に脆弱です。
つまり携帯電話の利用による不妊、脳細胞減少、記憶力低下、多動性増加、問題行動、がんなどの健康への影響を、より受けやすいといえます。
胎児においては、さらに流産や奇形、低出生体重のリスクもあります。
したがって妊娠中の女性や、未成年者の携帯電話の利用は極力控えるべきです。
また、現在妊活中・予定のある方についても、携帯電話の利用により精巣・卵巣・受精卵 (胚) が損傷し、不妊になる恐れがあるため、その利用は極力控えるべきです。
携帯電話の代用品
デスクトップパソコンと液晶PCモニタ
携帯電話の機能のいくつかは、無線機能が無いかオフにしたデスクトップパソコンと、液晶PCモニタの組み合わせで代用できます。
双方とも高周波電磁波はほぼ放たず、極低周波の磁界はパソコンは30cmの距離で0 - 0.11μT、液晶PCモニタで0 μTと (The Electric Power Research Institute)、危険水準を双方ともほぼ下回っています。
これらの製品は極低周波の電界は発しますが、前ページで説明した通り、電界は磁界に比べて、人体に大きな影響を与えるとは現在のところは考えられていません。
従って携帯電話に比べれば比較的安全に使用できると言えます。
インターネット通話、有線の固定電話
電話機能については、パソコンを経由したインターネット通話や、有線の固定電話などで代用するのが安全といえます。
コードレス電話は脳腫瘍をはじめとしたがんとの相関がいくつかの研究で確認されているため、お勧めできません。
電化製品の電磁波は危険
電化製品の使用により、不妊、流産、先天異常、体内時計の乱れ (概日ホルモンの乱れ)、自律神経の乱れ、がんが増加しました。
これらの製品はテレビやビデオ表示端末、電気毛布や電動ミシン、保育器などで、すべて数μＴの電磁波を発します。
前ページでも触れましたが、一般的な電化製品は上記製品同様、数μT程度の低周波電磁波を発するものが多いです。
従って実際にリスク上昇が示された製品に限らず、電化製品への接近、特に長期間の接近は避けるべきです。
携帯基地局、高圧線、電波塔の電磁波は危険
携帯基地局の電磁波被曝で不妊、流産、問題行動、ALS、電磁波過敏症、体内時計の乱れ (概日ホルモンの乱れ)、糖尿病、肝機能低下、腎機能低下、白内障、がんが増加しました。
高圧線からの電磁波被曝で不妊、先天異常、低出生体重児、記憶力低下、うつ病、体内時計の乱れ (概日ホルモンの乱れ)、自律神経の乱れ、不整脈、がんが増加しました。
電波塔からの電磁波被曝で不妊、電磁波過敏症、自律神経の乱れ、がんが増加しました。
したがって高圧線、携帯基地局、電波塔からの電磁波被曝も極力避けるべきです。
携帯基地局、電波塔、高圧線の電磁波を防ぐには？
電磁シールドにより携帯基地局や電波塔などからの高周波電磁波を低減することは可能です。
たとえば2010年のオーストリアの研究では、電磁シールドの塗料 (YSHIELD®) を壁の1面残して全面に塗り、残り1面を電磁シールドのカーテン (Swiss Shield®) で覆うことで、携帯基地局の電磁波を強0.21 μW/cm2、中0.015 μW/cm2、弱0.00052 μW/cm2の３種類に調節しています。(Augner et al. 2010)
ただし、電磁波は障害物を回り込んで進む性質 (回折) があるため、壁やドア、窓などを対策しても、隙間があるとそこから入ってきてしまいます。
つまり個人で対策しても期待したほどの効果が得られない場合があることに注意すべきです。
対策にはお金や手間がかかるため、事前によく調べるか、あるいはプロに頼むのが良いと思われます。
なお、高圧線などの低周波電磁波 (極低周波の磁界) に関しては、電磁シールドでは遮蔽することができません。
食事で電磁波対策
電磁波による健康への影響は主として活性酸素の増加に起因しています。
そして、主に動物実験での確認とはなりますが、電磁波被曝と同時に抗酸化物質を摂取することで、その被害が軽減されることが示されています。
従って抗酸化作用のある食品や、抗酸化物質であるビタミンC、ビタミンE、ビタミンAを多く含む食品をとることで、電磁波による健康への影響を軽減できると考えられます。
ただしビタミンのサプリメントはお勧めできません。
なぜならサプリメントによる健康への悪影響というものが、いくつかの研究で示されているからです。
たとえば、ビタミンAの前駆体である、βカロチンを食事から摂取すると、肺がんのリスクが減少しましたが、サプリメントから摂取すると、逆に肺がんのリスクが上昇しました。(Albanes 1999)
また、ビタミンCとEのサプリメントの妊娠期間中の服用で低出生体重児が増加し(Poston et al. 2006)、ビタミンEのサプリメントの服用で前立腺がんのリスクが上昇しました。(Klein et al. 2011)
さらなる証拠が見たい方へ
この記事では200件の電磁波の健康影響を示す研究を紹介しました。
もっと証拠が見たいという方には、2022年に更新されたバイオイニシャティブ2012の報告がおすすめです。この報告によれば、遺伝子、神経学、酸化損傷に関する2206件の研究のうち、1779件もが電磁波による生体効果を認めています。(Bioinitiative 2022)
この他にもストレス反応、免疫反応、小児がん、脳腫瘍、乳がん、生殖機能、胎児や新生児、自閉症などに関して、非常に多数の研究が網羅されています。(Bioinitiative 2022)
また、環境への影響も指摘されています (Environmental Health Trust)。Levittらは、1200以上の科学的文献を引用した、野生生物への悪影響に関する3部構成の画期的な研究レビューを2021年に発表しました (Levitt et al. 2021, Levitt et al. 2021, Levitt et al. 2021)。
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精巣、精子、卵巣、卵胞、胎児、マウス、マウスの胎児、ホルモン、人体のシルエット、視交叉上核、下垂体、副腎、ニューロンと髄鞘、神経接続部、肺、血管、ブドウ糖、膵臓、インスリン、筋肉、脂肪細胞、受容体、輸送体、自律神経、瞳、唾液腺、胃、膀胱、肝臓、腎臓、眼球、水晶体、腫瘍、骨、リンパ節、造血幹細胞、骨髄系細胞、リンパ系細胞、髄膜、内耳神経、乳房、皮膚、前立腺、DNA二重鎖、細胞、染色体、DNA付き細胞。
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